Journal: Trials

Article Title: An open-label, randomized, single intravenous dosing study to investigate the effect of fixed-dose combinations of tenofovir/lamivudine or atazanavir/ritonavir on the pharmacokinetics of remdesivir in Ugandan healthy volunteers (RemTLAR)

doi: 10.1186/s13063-021-05752-1

Figure Lengend Snippet:

Article Snippet: The purpose of this study is to explore how commonly utilized antiretroviral therapy (tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/lamivudine [TDF/3TC] and atazanavir/ritonavir [ATV/r]) influence plasma and intracellular concentrations of remdesivir.

Techniques:

Journal: International Journal of Nanomedicine

Article Title: Antiviral mechanism of polyanionic carbosilane dendrimers against HIV-1

doi: 10.2147/IJN.S96352

Figure Lengend Snippet: Time-of-addition and effect of dendrimers on HIV binding experiments. Notes: ( A ) Time-of-addition experiment. TZM.bl cells were infected with X4-HIV NL4.3 , and tested compounds were added at different times pre and post infection. Viral infection, measured as luciferase activity, was determined. Antiretrovirals targeting different steps in viral cycle, such as T-20 (20 μM), AZT (10 μM), ATV (0.l μM), RAL (1 μM), and 5 μM nontoxic concentration of G3-S16 and G2-NF16 dendrimers, were used. Data represent the mean of three independent experiments. ( B ) Effect of anionic carbosilane dendrimers G3-S16 and G2-NF16 on HIV binding in PBMCs. Suramin was used as positive control. * P <0.05, ** P <0.01, *** P <0.001 versus control. Data represent the mean ± SEM of three independent experiments. Abbreviations: HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; PBMCs, peripheral blood mononuclear cells; SEM, standard error of the mean; NT, nontreated; h, hour; T-20, enfuvirtide; AZT, azidothymidine, zidovudine; ATV, atazanavir; RAL, raltegravir.

Article Snippet: Several reagents and ARV were used as controls: zidovudine (AZT; GSK, GlaxoSmithKline plc, London, UK), enfuvirtide (T-20; Hoffman-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland), atazanavir (ATV; Bristol-Myers Squibb, New York, NY, USA), and raltegravir (RAL; Merck Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA); Suramin, a polyanionic compound that could mimic the function of dendrimers; CXCR4 chemokine receptor antagonist AMD3100, CCR5 receptor antagonist TAK-779, and colchicine, a microtubule polymerization inhibitor (all from Sigma-Aldrich Co., St Louis, MO, USA).

Techniques: Binding Assay, Infection, Luciferase, Activity Assay, Concentration Assay, Positive Control, Control, Virus